La riqueza de los países está en lo que saben hacer, no en lo que tienen

La diversificación productiva es fundamental para el desarrollo sostenible - Chile no es el ejemplo ..

El economista Ricardo Hausmann sostuvo, además, que es un error mirar a Chile como nuestro referente de desarrollo

Tomado de: http://elcomercio.pe/cade/noticias/cade-2014-ricardo-hausmann-peru-proxima-industria-exportacion-eia-noticia-1771397


Hausmann fundamentó con este ejemplo el punto central de su exposición en CADE 2014: que la dependencia en una sola actividad productiva no asegura el camino hacia el éxito económico sostenible. La diversificación productiva, apuntó, es fundamental.

CHILE NO ES EJEMPLO PARA EL PERÚ
En tal sentido, remarcó que es un error que el Perú vea a Chile – país que ha sustentado su crecimiento en la producción de cobre - como su modelo de desarrollo, pues dicha nación “está hoy en una posición complicada por su ideología económica, que ya no está en boga”.
En su opinión, Perú debe ver a Malasia, país que tiene más recursos naturales que el Perú pero que ha alcanzado mayor éxito económico debido a su apertura hacia la diversificación.
“Me gusta más el ejemplo de Malasia porque no es Suiza ni un país super-desarrollado, sino una nación complicada con problemas étnicos complejos, que no la tuvo fácil, pero lo ha hecho mejor que el Perú”, expreso.


Ver mas:
1. Grupos Brescia, Romero y CRP deben asumir reto de la diversificación
 

Sueldo anual de doctorados en ciencias, ingenierías y salud, de USA, por sector de empleo del 2013

Se adjunta una tabla con la media de sueldos anuales de doctorados egresados de instituciones de USA en ciencias, ingenierías y salud, y trabajando en USA el año 2013, por sector de empleo.
Mas datos en: http://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/doctoratework/2013/ 
 

Table 54. Median annual salaries of full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate and sector of employment: 2013

(US $ Dollars)
Field	All full-time employed	Private, for-profitc	Private, nonprofit	Federal government	State or local goverment
	Median salary	Median salary	Median salary	Median salary	Median salary
All fields	100,000	125,000	105,000	111,000	83,000
Science	98,000	124,000	103,000	110,000	82,000
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences	95,000	122,000	94,000	108,000	75,000
Agricultural/ food sciences	94,000	114,000	90,000	106,000	87,000
Biochemistry/ biophysics	101,000	129,000	105,000	124,000	80,000
Cell/ molecular biology	90,000	118,000	95,000	107,000	47,000
Environmental life sciences	84,000	98,000	96,000	98,000	69,000
Microbiology	98,000	131,000	78,000	106,000	92,000
Zoology	89,000	114,000	73,000	113,000	58,000
Other biological sciences	94,000	125,000	92,000	108,000	72,000
Computer/ information sciences	120,000	137,000	111,000	125,000	D
Mathematics/ statistics	98,000	128,000	114,000	120,000	D
Physical sciences	106,000	125,000	117,000	116,000	74,000
Astronomy/ astrophysics	93,000	124,000	118,000	117,000	D
Chemistry, except biochemistry	106,000	121,000	110,000	112,000	73,000
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciencesf	100,000	122,000	90,000	110,000	69,000
Physics	111,000	130,000	129,000	129,000	86,000
Psychology	90,000	102,000	94,000	100,000	85,000
Social sciences	91,000	134,000	108,000	120,000	86,000
Economics	120,000	148,000	135,000	137,000	96,000
Political sciences	88,000	132,000	111,000	120,000	74,000
Sociology	83,000	126,000	98,000	109,000	89,000
Other social sciences	80,000	115,000	99,000	101,000	80,000
Engineering	120,000	129,000	124,000	117,000	98,000
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineering	129,000	127,000	D	139,000	D
Chemical engineering	121,000	130,000	112,000	109,000	D
Civil engineering	104,000	123,000	D	101,000	89,000
Electrical/ computer engineering	128,000	139,000	125,000	119,000	D
Materials/ metallurgical engineering	119,000	120,000	103,000	120,000	D
Mechanical engineering	110,000	118,000	127,000	114,000	D
Other engineering	110,000	124,000	127,000	115,000	97,000
Health	97,000	130,000	115,000	109,000	79,000
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a 4-year educational institution includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
b Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, technical institutes, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions.
c Private, for-profit includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
e Other sector includes employers not broken out separately.
f Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences includes other physical sciences.
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for the principal job and are rounded to the nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2013.

Número de doctorados en ciencias, ingenierías y salud, egresados y trabajando en USA.

Les envío una tabla con el número de doctores (Ph.D), egresados de instituciones de USA y trabajando en USA, por sector y sexo (año 2013).
Mas datos en:  http://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/doctoratework/2013/

Table 13. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by sector of employment, broad field of doctorate, and sex: 2013
Employment sector and field	All employed	Male	Female
	Number	Number	Number
All sectors	720,800	480,800	240,000
Science	553,600	353,200	200,400
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences	183,500	113,300	70,200
Computer/ information sciences	21,900	17,900	4,000
Mathematics/ statistics	32,600	25,400	7,200
Physical sciences	122,200	97,500	24,700
Psychology	104,900	45,600	59,300
Social sciences	88,500	53,500	35,100
Engineering	133,700	115,700	18,000
Health	33,500	11,800	21,600
4-year educational institutiona	304,400	193,500	110,800
Science	250,200	157,900	92,300
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences	88,800	54,800	34,000
Computer/ information sciences	8,300	6,500	1,800
Mathematics/ statistics	18,600	14,300	4,300
Physical sciences	43,600	33,800	9,800
Psychology	35,300	15,000	20,300
Social sciences	55,500	33,400	22,000
Engineering	35,100	29,500	5,600
Health	19,000	6,200	12,900
Other educational institutionb	26,300	13,500	12,800
Science	23,800	12,100	11,600
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences	6,800	3,200	3,600
Computer/ information sciences	300	300	D
Mathematics/ statistics	1,300	1,000	300
Physical sciences	5,000	3,500	1,500
Psychology	6,500	2,100	4,400
Social sciences	3,900	2,000	1,900
Engineering	1,500	1,100	500
Health	1,000	300	700
Private, for-profitc	233,100	178,200	54,900
Science	149,800	106,800	43,000
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences	47,300	30,600	16,800
Computer/ information sciences	10,500	9,000	1,600
Mathematics/ statistics	9,000	7,400	1,600
Physical sciences	51,200	42,100	9,000
Psychology	20,500	10,100	10,400
Social sciences	11,200	7,600	3,600
Engineering	77,700	68,600	9,100
Health	5,700	2,800	2,900
Private, nonprofit	45,500	26,800	18,700
Science	37,700	21,900	15,800
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences	14,000	8,600	5,400
Computer/ information sciences	900	600	200
Mathematics/ statistics	1,300	1,000	300
Physical sciences	6,300	5,000	1,300
Psychology	10,000	4,200	5,700
Social sciences	5,300	2,500	2,800
Engineering	4,600	4,000	600
Health	3,200	900	2,300
Federal government	49,200	31,900	17,300
Science	38,800	24,300	14,500
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences	15,700	9,100	6,700
Computer/ information sciences	800	700	100
Mathematics/ statistics	1,200	1,000	300
Physical sciences	9,500	7,600	2,000
Psychology	6,400	3,000	3,400
Social sciences	5,100	3,100	2,000
Engineering	8,000	6,600	1,400
Health	2,300	900	1,300
State or local goverment	16,900	9,900	7,000
Science	14,000	8,000	6,000
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences	4,000	2,300	1,700
Computer/ information sciences	D	D	D
Mathematics/ statistics	200	200	D
Physical sciences	2,300	1,800	600
Psychology	5,200	2,500	2,700
Social sciences	2,200	1,200	1,000
Engineering	2,000	1,700	400
Health	800	200	600
Self-employedd	43,400	25,400	18,000
Science	37,500	20,800	16,600
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences	6,700	4,600	2,100
Computer/ information sciences	800	600	200
Mathematics/ statistics	800	700	S
Physical sciences	4,100	3,500	500
Psychology	20,800	8,600	12,200
Social sciences	4,300	2,800	1,500
Engineering	4,500	4,100	400
Health	1,500	500	900
Other sectore	2,100	1,500	600
Science	1,900	1,300	500
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences	200	100	S
Computer/ information sciences	D	D	D
Mathematics/ statistics	D	D	D
Physical sciences	300	200	D
Psychology	200	D	D
Social sciences	1,000	800	200
Engineering	200	200	D
Health	D	D	D
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a 4-year educational institution includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
b Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, technical institutes, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions.
c Private, for-profit includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
e Other sector includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2013.
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 18 February 2014.